A contrastive study on the forms of the present tense verb in Arabic and Persian languages.

Abstract

The study of the grammatical tense system in all languages, especially in Arabic and Persian, is of great importance because these two languages do not belong to a single linguistic family. The Arabic language is from the group of Semitic languages that have its own grammar, while the Persian language belongs to the family of Indian and European languages and differs from the Arabic language in terms of structure and morphological and grammatical rules. On the other hand, teaching verb forms is considered one of the problems of learners of foreign languages and at the same time one of the pillars of language teaching. Because the verb is the subject of the action, and it is a strong factor. In fact, it is the strongest factor in the sentence. It nominates a subject and puts it in the accusative case, just as it puts in the accusative place all the rest of what they call superfluous things, such as the objects, the adverb, and the like. And it works wherever it occurs, whether it is earlier or later, apparent or destined. Therefore, the study focused on examining the conjugation of verb forms in the present tense and revealing the different ways in which they are expressed in the Arabic language first and comparing them in the Persian language secondly, relying on the descriptive-contrastive approach. This is in order to find similarities and differences between the two languages in their expression of the present tense, as well as to demonstrate the extent of their agreement in expressing it, as well as to overcome the difficulties that learners may face in the course of learning its diverse and dispersed forms.