A peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on the humanities. It is the first journal published by the University of Wasit and covers all fields of the humanities as well as various languages. Research submissions come from different universities in Iraq and across the Arab world. The journal is published quarterly, and the submitted research undergoes evaluation by reviewers both within and outside the university. Publication dates for our Journal are as follows: 1st of the month of February 1st of the month of May 1st of the month of August 1st of the month of November How to register in the journal, upload the file, and respond to the editor's messages 4. September 2025 - YouTube How to synchronize and link your ORCID account with your account in Wasit Journal for Humanities Recording 2026 03 15 095655 Journal Name Wasit Journal for Human Sciences Archiving Online ISSN Print ISSN 2790-346X 1812-0512 Frequency Quarterly DOI prefix 10.31185 Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Hashim Aliwi Muhammad Al-Husseini University of Wasit / College of Education for Humanities / Department of English hilewi@uowasit.edu.iq Organized by: Wasit University Acceptance Rate: 40% Review Speed: 90 days Before submission, you must ensure that your paper has been prepared using the journal's template and that it adheres to the submission guidelines. Online Submission Do you already have a username/password for WJFH? Go to Login Need a username/password? Go to Registration Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions.
The Rhetoric of Silence in Iraqi Political Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Within Iraq's consociational power-sharing system, direct attribution carries factional consequences, making silence a central communicative strategy. Although there is increasing interest in the study of political discourse, the literature lacks examination of how silence is ideologically constructed within consociational power-sharing systems, particularly in the Iraqi context. Thus, the present study aims to examine how Iraqi politicians use ideological rhetorical strategies to construct silence. The study adopts a CDA approach as an analytical framework, based on van Dijk's (2006) ideological-rhetorical strategies to analyse six extracts selected from interviews with six Iraqi political figures. The findings indicate that silence is systematically constructed by political actors through a variety of ideological rhetorical strategies that serve to disperse agency, defer accountability, and protect factional interests without explicit attribution. Collectively, these strategies construct distinct forms of silence, including non-naming silence and procedural silence, confirming that silence in Iraqi political discourse is a structurally conditioned practice rather than an individual stylistic choice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayat Emad Jasim Prof. Dr. Hashim A. M. Alhusseini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Renewing the Metaphysics of the Soul between Greek and Islamic Philosophy ( Al-Farabi as a model )
This research seeks to renew the concept of the "metaphysics of the soul" through an evolutionary study that preserves its epistemological foundations while presenting it from a contemporary philosophical perspective. The first section traces its Greek origins, beginning with Socrates’ concept of the "care of the soul," followed by Plato’s dualism, Aristotle’s hylomorphism, and Plotinus’s emanationism, which viewed the soul as a mediator between the material and the divine. The second section examines Al-Farabi’s innovative synthesis of Greek philosophy and Islamic doctrine. His originality is reflected in the theory of connection, which argues that the soul’s immortality and happiness depend on its ascent from potentiality to actuality through union with the Active Intellect. The study concludes that, for Al-Farabi, the soul is not merely the body’s animating principle but an entity that achieves perfection through knowledge, intellectual development, and existential elevation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Salah Abdul Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Media and Women's Empowerment in Arab Societies
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل دور الإعلام الرقمي في تمكين المرأة العربية في مصر وسوريا والعراق. ركزت على دوافع استخدام الإعلام الرقمي، التحديات المصاحبة، والتقييم العام لهذا الدور. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وطبقت استبانة إلكترونية على 97 مشاركةً خلال ديسمبر 2025–يناير 2026. أظهرت النتائج علاقة إيجابية قوية بين دوافع الاستخدام ومستوى التمكين، وعلاقة متوسطة مع التقييم العام، بينما كانت العلاقة مع التحديات ضعيفة. كما بينت فروقًا دالة للمستوى التعليمي والحالة الاجتماعية، دون فروق حسب العمر أو البلد أو الإقامة. وتشير الدراسة إلى أن تعزيز الدوافع يعد الركيزة الأساسية لدعم تمكين المرأة عبر الإعلام الرقمي.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alaa Mousa Bader https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence and the Educational Process in Iraqi Universities: (A Field Study on a Sample of Iraqi Universities Staff and Students)
This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications and the challenges confronting Iraqi universities within the educational process, it analyzes the perspectives of a diverse sample, including faculty members, students, and administrative staff, regarding the benefits and obstacles of AI in higher education. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the research utilized a structured questionnaire for data collection across four Iraqi universities, selected based on accessibility and institutional cooperation, the sample comprised 189 respondents, a size considered statistically appropriate for such research, with data gathered electronically via the 'Kobotoolbox' platform,the findings revealed several challenges, notably poor internet connectivity, limited technical expertise among some faculty, and potential misalignment of free, ad-supported applications with societal values, furthermore, a gender gap was identified, showing higher AI adoption rates among males,the study recommends prioritizing AI integration and providing the necessary infrastructure for faculty, students, and staff to enhance the educational environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Montaha Ahmed Hamed, Ibrahim Adeeb Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodological Compatibility of a Proposed History Teaching Methodology for Secondary Schools Through the Integration of Differentiated Instruction and Digital Learning
This research investigated the methodological compatibility of a proposed history teaching approach integrating differentiated instruction strategies with digital learning applications. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the study analyzed the theoretical foundations of differentiated and digital learning, reviewed relevant educational literature, and examined the history curriculum to identify methodological requirements for designing an integrated teaching model. The findings revealed a high degree of compatibility between differentiated instruction and digital learning. Digital learning supports differentiation by offering diverse learning resources, activities, and instructional media while promoting self-directed and interactive learning. The proposed approach was found to enhance student participation, increase motivation to learn history, and strengthen students’ ability to analyze and interpret historical events. Overall, integrating differentiated instruction with digital learning provides a coherent framework for improving history teaching and creating a more engaging and effective learning environment. Get smarter responses, upload files and images, and more.
Copyright (c) 2026 Israa Kadhim Khudair Al-Atabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological Flow Among Educational Counselors
The aim of this research is to identify the level of psychological flow among educational counselors and to determine the significance of differences between males and females. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach and developed a psychological flow scale based on Czesztimhalyi's theory. The scale consisted of 36 items, and its psychometric properties (discrimination, validity, and reliability) were verified. It was administered to a stratified random sample of 100 male and female counselors. The results indicated that the research sample of counselors exhibited psychological flow, and that the differences between males and females were not statistically significant. Based on these findings, the research offers several recommendations and suggestions .
Copyright (c) 2026 Oday Jabur Kaduem Al-Quraishi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linear Sculptural Forms and Their Configurations in Design Spaces
Arabic calligraphy represents an interactive space that responds to the dimensions of time and lived experience embodied in place. It transforms silent moments into artistic reality, creating harmony within urban design and shaping sculptural forms in both interior spaces, such as décor and furniture, and exterior artistic monuments. The first chapter addresses the research problem, its limits, and key terms. The second chapter presents the theoretical framework, discussing the artistic architecture of calligraphic sculptures, the representation of materials and their aesthetic applications, and the linear formations of sculptural works in interior and exterior spaces. The third chapter examines the presentational aspects of calligraphic sculptures through the analysis of three samples. The findings reveal that Arabic calligraphy serves as a source of inspiration and a foundation for innovative artistic visions in the design of both interior and exterior spaces.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lecturer Mohammed Kadhum Hamza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Theatrical Form as Subversion of Patriarchy in the Selected Postmodern Plays of Churchill and Kane
تستكشف هذه الدراسة كيف تستخدم مسرحيتا Top Girls لكاريل تشرشل وBlasted لسارة كين استراتيجيات شكلية لتقويض الأيديولوجيات الأبوية في المسرح البريطاني لِما بعد الحداثة. وتعالج الدراسة قصور الدراما الخطية التقليدية عن تمثيل التجارب النسوية المتشظية. وباستخدام منهجية نوعية، يقارن البحث بين الاضطرابات اللغوية عند تشرشل والتفجيرات المكانية عند كين. وتكشف النتائج أن تشرشل تفتت الصوت الواحد عبر الرموز الطباعية، بينما تحطم كين الواقعية المكانية لفضح العنف البنيوي الكامن. في النهاية، يتطلب تقويض النظام الأبوي إعادة صياغة بنيوية للعلاقة بين النص وخشبة المسرح والمتلقي بدلاً من مجرد تغيير المحتوى الأيديولوجي. ومن خلال ربط هذه الأساليب بالسياقات الاجتماعية والسياسية مثل التاتشرية وحرب البوسنة، تخلص الدراسة إلى أن الأشكال الدرامية المحطمة ضرورية لتصوير الحي المحطمة بدقة، مما يوفر إطاراً للأبحاث التقاطعية المستقبلية.
Copyright (c) 2026 Murtadha Abood Jawad Al-atabi Safa Abood Jawad Al-atabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Symbolic Environment in the Poetry of Fadwa Tuqan: An Analytical Study of Imagery and Significations
The environment in the poetry of Fadwa Tuqan transcends its traditional descriptive function to become a powerful medium for expressing human and psychological experiences. It reflects an inner emotional state characterized by a blend of sorrow, hope, and solitude, while simultaneously carrying profound national symbolism that embodies the land and Palestinian cities as representations of identity, belonging, and struggle. The environment also emerges as a mirror of social relations and societal transformations, granting environmental symbols multiple interpretive dimensions and enabling the reader to engage deeply with the text and continuously derive new meanings. Tuqan relies on environmental imagery to enhance artistic expression through devices such as simile, metaphor, and personification, thereby enriching her poetry with semantic depth and stylistic dynamism. Consequently, the environment in her poetic texts becomes a vital and autonomous element within the creative structure, rather than merely serving as a secondary backdrop.
Copyright (c) 2026 م. م. عذراء عبد علي مهدي القريشي (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Historical and Conceptual Foundations of Social Values and Media Content in Light of National and International Legislation
This study examines the dialectical relationship between digital media content and the value system amidst the contemporary technological revolution, focusing on the Iraqi experience confronting degrading content. The research problem lies in the emergence of this content, which has created a hybrid value environment that threatens social stability and causes a conflict between authentic and imported values. This occurs while Iraqi legislation suffers from a critical legislative vacuum, represented by the absence of a specialized cybercrime law and the judiciary's near-exclusive reliance on Penal Code No. 111 of 1969, which cannot accommodate modern technological developments. The study aims to uncover the motives for producing and publishing abusive content and analyze its varying impacts on the societal value system. It explores the role of digital media as a tool for social control or a factor undermining the social fabric, adopting a comparative perspective between Iraqi national legislation and international conventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bareq Hussein Oleiwi Humairi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Criteria for Adopting Qur’anic Exegesis in Arabic Digital Muṣḥaf Applications and Their Impact on Guiding Exegetical Understanding: A Critical Analytical Study
This research addresses the lack of clarity regarding the scientific and epistemological foundations on which Arabic digital Muṣḥaf applications rely when selecting Qur’anic exegesis, and the resulting impact on users’ initial exegetical understanding. It examines the criteria for selecting exegesis, the types of commentaries adopted, their modes of presentation, documentation levels, and the extent to which the digital medium shapes meaning. The research aims to identify these criteria, examine the nature of the adopted interpretations, analyze presentation mechanisms, and clarify their effect on exegetical understanding. It employs descriptive, analytical, critical, and comparative methods, using a content-analysis tool. The research population comprises Arabic digital Muṣḥaf applications that provide verse-linked exegesis, while the purposive sample includes four applications: Ayat, King Fahd Complex applications, Wahy, and Mushaf Surah. The findings reveal variation in documentation, institutional superiority, abridgment, reliance on single exegesis, and presentation effects on clearly guiding users’ understanding of digital Qur’anic meaning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meslem Ghadban Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gamification in ESL: A Framework for Enhancing Vocabulary Acquisition through Interactive Mobile Apps
With the increasing demands of English proficiency in non-native speakers, vocabulary teaching has become a crucial element in the ESL process. Conventional methods tend to be based on passive memorisation that can restrain learner involvement and reduce speed of acquiring vocabulary. This paper suggests a gamified design of vocabulary acquisition via interactive mobile apps by combining gameplay, adaptive learning processes, and feedback, as well as learner-centered design. The research has a framework-based methodology that is backed by exploratory pilot data of ESL learners in a six-week period of time. The results show that engagement, motivation, and vocabulary retention of learners are improved with the help of the gamified environment. The study is practical since it presents a systematic model that puts both pedagogical and technological variables in one model underlining the opportunities of gamification as an effective approach to learning vocabulary in ESL.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husham Hassan Mohammed, Khalid khdr slman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Psychological Perspective and Its Impact on the Poetry of Badr Shakir al-Sayyab
Badr Shakir al-Sayyab is regarded as a pioneer of an innovative poetic movement that profoundly impacted Arabic poetry. The renowned poet endured immense pain, bitterness, and sorrow, which shaped his sensitive psyche. Psychological turmoil accompanied al-Sayyab from an early age until his death, following a prolonged struggle with illness, alienation, and displacement. These experiences were clearly reflected in his poetry, where personal suffering was transformed into rich artistic material expressing human pain, existential anxiety, and helplessness in the face of illness and death. Furthermore, his social, political, and personal circumstances significantly contributed to his poetic vision, combining subjective experience with broader human concerns. Consequently, his poetry became laden with symbols and imagery mirroring his internal conflicts and yearning for redemption. This endowed his poetic experience with a deep psychological dimension, establishing it as a prominent model for examining the relationship between psychological condition and literary creativity in modern Arabic poetry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mithaq Hashim Hussein Al-Mayyahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Land Border Crossings in Iraq’s Foreign Trade: An Analytical Study
This study aims to analyze the role of land border crossings in supporting Iraq’s foreign trade during the period (2020–2023), through a quantitative comparison of imported and exported goods across border crossings based on geographical distribution (northern, eastern, western, and southern). The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach supported by quantitative analysis and the use of one-way ANOVA to examine differences among crossings. The results reveal significant variation in trade volumes, with eastern crossings dominating foreign trade, while western crossings show the lowest performance. Statistical findings confirm significant differences between crossings, indicating a structural imbalance in trade distribution. The results also highlight the influence of geographic location and infrastructure on the efficiency and operational performance of border crossings. The study recommends improving infrastructure, achieving geographical balance in trade activity, and enhancing customs management efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. سوزان عبد اللطيف جبارة (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Turkish Water Policy on Water Security in Iraq
The water issue between Iraq and Turkey represents a major strategic challenge due to Iraq’s dependence on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, whose main sources originate in Turkey. This study analyzes Turkish water policy and its geopolitical dimensions and examines its impact on Iraq’s water security. It also discusses the geographical and legal foundations of Turkey’s management of shared water resources. The research highlights the effects of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), particularly the Ataturk and Ilisu dams, on reducing Iraq’s water share and intensifying drought, desertification, and agricultural decline. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine Turkey’s water behavior and its regional implications, while also addressing Iraq’s responses and future options to strengthen water security through water diplomacy and sustainable resource management
Copyright (c) 2026 Lecturer Insaf Talib Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Framing of Sustainable Development Issues in the Iraqi Newspaper Al-Sabah
This study aims to identify the journalistic framing strategies adopted by the Iraqi newspaper Al-Sabah in addressing issues of sustainable development, through a content analysis of a sample of its published issues. The research employs a survey methodology using the content analysis approach, with a structured coding sheet designed by the researcher as the primary research instrument. The findings reveal that the newspaper places greater emphasis on the social dimension compared to other dimensions of sustainable development. News reporting emerged as the most frequently used journalistic genre, while neutral coverage predominated overall. The newspaper also demonstrated a clear reliance on news agencies and a preference for rational persuasive techniques. The results further indicate a relative weakness in analytical depth and an imbalance in the coverage of the various dimensions of sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haider Abdul Radhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Humanist Movement and Its Impact on the Rise of Religious Reform in the Renaissance Era
The humanist movement represent an important role in paving the way for the emergence of the free religious reform movement during the sixteenth century AD in order to call for the awakening of reason and the elimination of the theological ideas that dominated European society and which in turn undermined the progress of science, The humanist movement focused on reviving the Greek and Roman heritage and contributed to enhancing the status of human and in turn paved the way for intellectual and scientific development in spreading modern sciences and Liberateing the mind from stagnation,In addition to addressing the cultural ideas that prevailed in Europe, it also explored the relationship between humanism and religious reform in the development of the modern mind witnessed during the European Renaissance, when man moved from the dominance of scholastic thought to an interest in nature,The Renaissance was a transitional intellectual stage in the path to scientific progress in Europe.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alaa Hussein Saber Al-Shuhaib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Convincing emotions and their relationship to professional stress among educational counselors
The present study aims to identify alexithymia among educational counselors and to examine the statistical significance of differences according to gender and age. It also seeks to determine the level of occupational stress and the significance of differences based on the same variables, as well as to explore the nature of the relationship between alexithymia and occupational stress. To achieve these objectives, the Alexithymia Scale developed by Chung et al. (2003), consisting of 20 items across three dimensions—difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking—was employed. Additionally, a 20-item occupational stress scale was developed. The instruments were administered to a sample of 166 male and female counselors during the 2025–2026 academic year. Results indicated that counselors exhibit alexithymic tendencies in emotional work situations and experience occupational stress, with no significant differences by gender or age, and a positive correlation between the two variables.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sajjad Abdul-Mahdi Jasim Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Intellectualism in Iraqi and African Stagecraft: A Comparative Study
The study is a critical survey that analyzes the theatrical interventions of Yousif Al-Ani and Wole Soyinka in terms of the public intellectuals in The Key- المفتاح (1968) and A Play of Giants (1984), respectively, which has looked at each author separately but hardly in relation to one another, by applying a qualitative comparative textual reflection grounded in Edward Said's “intellectual” as one who confronts dogma and incites public reasoning. The satirical language by Soyinka and mythopoeic critique by Al-Ani supports the analysis, which considers language, symbolism, structure, and performance. Though Al-Ani uses reflective realism and moral dialogue to expose cultural exhaustion, he also works grotesque exaggeration to dissipate the potency of the authoritarian spectacle–as does Soyinka. Both ask their audience not to let the systems of oppression continue. The stage is like a place of moral struggle, where the audience is hoped to be alert and socially reborn.
Copyright (c) 2026 ا.م. اسماء مكرم سعيد (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pragmatics and grammatical direction in the Qur'anic text: A critical analytical study
This research examines the relationship between grammatical analysis and pragmatic meaning in the Qur'anic text by studying a set of grammatical issues. In some Qur'anic texts, there are multiple possible grammatical interpretations, leading to differing explanations by grammarians and exegetes. This results in semantic variations related to context and situation. The research then moves to an analysis of certain conjunctions and the impact of their grammatical analysis on understanding Qur'anic meaning, given the wide range of uses and multiple meanings inherent in these conjunctions. This research is based on a critical analytical approach that reviews the different grammatical opinions on some grammatical issues, discusses them according to linguistic evidence and contextual and situational clues, then favors the opinion that is consistent with the Qur’anic context, and clarifies the effect of this preference on the pragmatic meaning, in a way that highlights the harmony of the grammatical structure with the semantic purpose in the language of the Qur’anic text.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abbas Naeem Mohammed Jatheer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatial Modeling for Estimating Surface Runoff Volume and Its Flash Flood Hazards in the Zanta Basin, Duhok Governorate Using the SCS-CN Model
The study aims to analyze surface runoff and assess hydrological risks in the Zanta Valley Basin located in Duhok Governorate, northern Iraq, using the SCS-CN model to estimate runoff generated by rainfall. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 30 m were used, along with annual rainfall data for the period 2000–2024 obtained from the NASA POWER project. The analysis included soil characteristics, geological formations, land cover, and slope to calculate the Curve Number (CN). The results showed that a large portion of the basin falls within the high runoff category due to steep slopes, low-permeability clay soils, and sparse vegetation cover, which increases the likelihood of rapid flash floods. Furthermore, high rainfall events produced runoff volumes exceeding 15 million m³, particularly in areas dominated by clay formations, indicating environmental vulnerability that necessitates the implementation of water harvesting techniques and sustainable resource management practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hiyam Noaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Philosophy of Peace in Contemporary Western Thought: Sartre and Russell as Models
Violence constitutes the negative dimension of political life, as argued by Jean-Paul Sartre. From Sartre's existentialist perspective, existence implies active engagement with the world and the continuous formation of the self through lived experience. Accordingly, the dismantling of colonialism is an ethical and existential necessity grounded in freedom and responsibility. Genuine peace cannot be achieved without liberating people from oppression and domination. Sartre maintains that deconstructing colonial structures, which negate the humanity of the colonized, is essential for responsible liberation and the establishment of a just global peace that restores human dignity. In contrast, Bertrand Russell focuses on the obstacles to world peace as fundamental challenges to political practice. He examines the relationship between individual and collective freedom and the difficulties of maintaining international peace under political power and institutional authority. Russell warns against excessive state power at the expense of individual liberty and advocates diplomacy and dialogue as alternatives to military confrontation. For Russell, balancing political authority and individual freedom is the foundation for lasting global stability.
Copyright (c) 2026 ا.د. زياد كمال مصطفى الجاف (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developmental Changes in Digital Wisdom Among Students
The aim of this research was to identify the level of digital wisdom among students and to examine the significance of differences in this construct according to age (16, 18, 20, and 22 years) and gender (male and female), as well as to determine which groups demonstrate higher levels of digital wisdom. The study adopted the descriptive developmental approach. The population consisted of secondary school students in the center of Kut city and students of Imam Al-Kadhim University (peace be upon him) for the academic year 2024–2025. The sample included (400) male and female students, with (200) secondary school students aged (16–18) years and (200) university students aged (20–22) years, distributed across both genders. To achieve the objectives of the study, Spence’s (2009) Digital Wisdom Scale in its modified form was adopted. The scale consists of (40) items distributed across three dimensions: cognitive, ethical, and good life dimensions. A five-point Likert scale was used (1–5), with total scores ranging from
Copyright (c) 2026 Maryam Hashim Hamad AL-Badri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of digital media in combating violence against women: An analytical study of social media platforms
This study investigates the role of digital media in combating violence against women through analyzing media content published on Iraqi social media platforms. The research adopted the descriptive approach and used content analysis as its main tool. The sample consisted of 57 media items published on Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and news websites during a three-month period in 2025. The analysis focused on two dimensions: “What was said,” including topic, type of violence, objective, and orientation, and “How it was said,” including media format, persuasive techniques, and highlighting elements. The findings showed that Instagram was the most frequently used platform, while awareness activities and survivors’ stories were the most common topics. The results also revealed a predominance of positive coverage and awareness-oriented messages. The study concludes that digital media plays an important role in raising public awareness and supporting efforts to address violence against women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elaph Raeed Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hydrological Characteristics and Their Relationship to Sustainable Development: An Analytical Study of Water Resource Sustainability in Wasit District (Al-Dujaili(
This study examines the hydrological characteristics and their relationship to the sustainable development of water resources in Wasit (Al-Dujaili) District, Wasit Governorate, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and quantitative statistical analysis. The results indicate the dominance of floodplain deposits and clayey soils, leading to poor natural drainage, increased salinity, and waterlogging. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis shows that medium elevation classes (11–14 m) cover about 62.5% of the study area, reflecting the flat nature of the alluvial plain. Slope analysis reveals that classes ranging from 0–1.9° account for 44.8% of the area, while slopes of 2–7.9° represent 48.5%, supporting gravity irrigation but limiting natural drainage. NDVI analysis from Sentinel-2 imagery (2024) demonstrates spatial variations in vegetation density related to surface water availability, especially near the Dujaili River. The study recommends improving irrigation and drainage systems, adopting modern irrigation methods, and implementing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) to achieve sustainable water resource management under arid climatic conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hanan Mahdi Hadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Cultural Heritage of Lamentation and Grief in Classical Arabic Poetry: Ahl al-Bayt (Peace Be Upon Them) as a Model
*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:334930de-bcc0-4666-b110-c10712ee00f3-11" data-turn-id-container="request-WEB:334930de-bcc0-4666-b110-c10712ee00f3-11" data-testid="conversation-turn-24" data-turn="assistant"> Cultural heritage represents a profound civilizational legacy whose roots extend deeply throughout history. It encompasses everything connected to human reality, as every phenomenon possesses inherited origins and enduring foundations that have evolved across successive eras. This heritage includes social customs and traditions, as well as various forms of knowledge—scientific, artistic, and economic—which are transmitted from one generation to another. Over time, these inherited elements became recurring themes in Arabic poetry, echoed by poets across different periods, forming an essential subject within the Arabic poetic tradition. Such cultural heritage has contributed significantly to shaping national spirit and personal identity, linking past, present, and future within a unified cultural framework. Poets became obliged to connect inherited traditions with contemporary developments, showing through their literary expression both attachment to society and intellectual awareness. Through this synthesis, they conveyed feelings of grief and sorrow with sincerity and intensity, especially in lamentation and suffering in Arabic poetry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lect. Dr. Huda Jaffer Kadhum Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impacts of Using Educational Games Strategy on the Students’ Achievement in the English Language
The purpose of the study is to ascertain the effects of utilizing educational games to teach English. on students' performance. The study's sample consisted of 70 first-year college students, divided into two groups, with 35 students in the experimental group and 35 in the control group. The Educational Games Strategy was employed during the two-month study period at Baghdad University's College of Physical Education and Sport Science, academic year 2024–2025. The experimental design is used to attain the aim of this investigation. The experimental group adopting the Educational Games Strategy outperformed the control group. The experimental group's post-test scores are noticeably better than the control groups, indicating that games have favorable effect enhancing student achievement. Students' interest and focus have been enhanced when games are used in English classes.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م. يسرى عبدالحسين فرج، م.م. شيرين عبدالمنعم سعيد الصائغ، م.م. سمر محمد فاضل (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Procrastination in Digital Learning Environments and Its Relationship to Cognitive Burnout and Perceived Psychological Support Among Fifth-grade Middle School Students
This study examined the relationship between academic procrastination in digital learning environments and both cognitive fatigue and perceived psychological support among fifth preparatory-grade female students, and identified the levels of these variables. A descriptive correlational method was used. The sample included 120 students from Ajyal Zaha Hadid Private Secondary School for Girls, representing the entire population through a census approach. Three instruments were applied: the Academic Procrastination in Digital Learning Environments Scale, the Cognitive Fatigue Scale, and the Perceived Psychological Support Scale. Face validity was confirmed by expert agreement of 80% or higher, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.87, 0.89, and 0.91. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, relative weight, and Pearson correlation. Results indicated moderate levels of all variables, a positive correlation between procrastination and fatigue, and a negative correlation between procrastination and perceived support at the 0.05 level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sa'dun Abdullah Khalaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of a Concise, Solution-Focused Counseling Approach on Reducing School Dropout Among Middle School Students
The current research aims to identify the impact of brief, solution-centered counseling on middle school students. Previous studies addressing school dropout were reviewed, leading to the development of a 30-item school dropout scale. For the purposes of this study, the researcher designed a counseling program based on the impact of brief, solution-centered counseling. This program was implemented with the experimental group in nine sessions, held twice weekly, with each session lasting 45 minutes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and several statistical methods. The results showed that the counseling program effectively reduced school dropout rates among the experimental group. Based on these findings, the current research offers several conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions
Copyright (c) 2026 . Hassan Mohsen Saadoun Al-Jabri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Textual Representation of Sustainable Development in Iraqi Prime Minister’s Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Sustainable Development is a current global issue. Its importance is very recurrent in the discourse of leaders. This study investigates the textual strategies implemented by the Iraqi prime minister Mohammed Shia’ Al-Sudani in four selected speeches on sustainable development. The study adopts Fairclough’s (1995) three dimensional model of critical discourse analysis (CDA) with a particular focus on the textual level through analyzing lexical choices, rhetorical and grammatical structures and intertextuality. The study adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach to find out how such discourse reflects ideological positioning and policy framing. The analysis reveals a diverse of discursive patterns that reflect shifting political priorities and rhetorical strategies tied to development narratives in post-2003 Iraq. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how sustainability is discursively constructed in transitional political contexts
Copyright (c) 2026 Assist. Prof. Dr. Wafaa Mudhaffar Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of the -Gemini- Application in Teaching the Arabic Language and Motivation Towards It – Speaking Skill as a Model.
This study examines the role of modern educational tools in developing Arabic speaking skills by employing the Gemini AI application as an interactive assistant. Using a quasi-experimental design, the research involved 30 students from Charmo University, divided into experimental and control groups. Tools included pre- and post-tests for oral proficiency and a motivation questionnaire. Results showed statistically significant improvements in the experimental group’s oral performance compared to the control group. Furthermore, the findings revealed a marked increase in student motivation, self-confidence, and positive attitudes toward AI-supported learning. The study concludes that integrating AI applications like Gemini effectively enhances linguistic performance and encourages learner engagement in the language acquisition process.
Copyright (c) 2026 AssProf. Dr. Khalil Rashid AhmedAsst. Prof. Dr. Zana Othman Mohammedt. Lecturer Herish Umer Abubakir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Oil Industries on Soil Pollution: Al-Dora District as a Case Study in Baghdad Governorate Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Oil Industries on Soil Pollution: An Applied Study of Al-Dora Refinery in Baghdad Governorate as a Model
This study aims to analyze the spatial impact of oil industries on soil pollution in Al-Dora, Baghdad, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods. The study adopts a spatial analytical approach supported by quantitative analysis, applying techniques such as Buffer Analysis, Hot Spot Analysis, and spatial interpolation. The results reveal that soil pollution follows non-random spatial patterns, with higher concentrations near oil industry locations. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between distance from pollution sources and contamination levels, confirming the influence of spatial factors on pollutant distribution. The findings contribute to environmental decision-making by identifying high-risk areas and highlight the importance of spatial analysis in environmental management and sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Assistant Lecturer Milad Falah Issa¹*, Assistant Lecturer Aisha Saad Dhaif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Achievement-Oriented Guidance Strategy on Biology Achievement and Emotional Intelligence among Fifth-Grade Secondary Science Students
This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the Achievement-Oriented Guidance Strategy in biology achievement and emotional intelligence among fifth-grade scientific students. An experimental approach using a partially controlled equivalent-groups design was adopted. The sample consisted of 70 students, including 36 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Equivalence was established between the groups. An achievement test and an emotional intelligence scale were constructed and verified for validity and reliability. After implementing the experiment and analyzing the data statistically, the results showed the superiority of the experimental group taught through the Achievement-Oriented Guidance Strategy over the control group in achievement and emotional intelligence. The findings indicated the effectiveness of the strategy and led to several recommendations and suggestions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Jabbar Yaseen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Image of Woman between Alienation and Dual Belonging in Inaam Kachachi’s the American Granddaughter
This study examines the image of woman between alienation and dual belonging in Inaam Kachachi’s the American Granddaughter. It offers a narrative-analytical reading of the ways in which the female figure is represented within the context of the American occupation of Iraq and its effects on identity, memory, and belonging. The study focuses on Zeina Behnam as a model of fragmented identity, torn between her Iraqi origin and her acquired American affiliation, and between institutional loyalty to the American forces and emotional belonging to Iraq. It also examines Grandmother Rahma as a contrasting female image that embodies national memory, moral stability, and attachment to homeland. The study goes beyond thematic analysis by investigating the narrative and artistic techniques used to construct the image of woman, including dialogue, internal monologue, place, memory, symbolism, and character contrast. By relying on textual evidence from the novel, the study concludes that the novel does not present woman as an isolated social or feminist subject, but as a central narrative and symbolic figure through which the crisis of identity, alienation, and dual belonging is revealed in post-occupation Iraq.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haider Abdullah Mohsen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Sociolinguistic Study of Register in Ecological Texts
This qualitative study employs register analysis to examine lexical expansion in environmental discourse and how institutional language codifies new terminology to represent ecological phenomena. It investigates emerging nouns, verbs, adjectives, abbreviations, and noun phrases in the online cooperative agreement on ocean plastic pollution established following the 2019 G20 Summit in Osaka, Japan. The study focuses on linguistic developments resulting from international efforts to address ocean plastic pollution. Adopting a Hallidayan approach, the analysis operates on two levels: a linguistic level that identifies lexical features and a contextual level examining field, tenor, and mode. The findings reveal that noun phrases are the most frequent linguistic feature in the selected text. Contextual analysis further demonstrates that the agreement centers on ocean pollution and is written in a formal institutional register. The study highlights the role of environmental discourse in generating and institutionalizing specialized terminology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamsa Samea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The reality of health services in Iraq from a human geography perspective and its impact on population stability
This study examines the status of health services in Iraq from a human geography perspective and their impact on population stability. It analyzes the spatial distribution of health institutions, medical staff, and service pressure indicators across Iraqi governorates. The study adopts the descriptive-analytical approach, the spatial geographical approach, and the quantitative statistical approach, based on official data, particularly the 2024 Health Indicators Report. The findings reveal clear spatial disparities in the distribution of health services, as the number of health institutions does not always correspond to population size or actual service demand. The results also show high service pressure in some densely populated governorates, compared with relatively weak indicators of physicians and primary health care centers in others. The study concludes that spatial justice in the distribution of health services is a planning necessity for supporting population stability and balanced development in Iraq.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dalia Ayad Aboud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Using Digital Literacy Skills in Scientific Research among Female
The current study aimed to identify the role of using digital literacy skills in scientific research among female students of the College of Education for Women. The study population consisted of postgraduate female students at the College of Education for Women, University of Kufa. The study sample included (104) postgraduate female students, who were selected randomly from the research population. The researcher prepared a scale, and after presenting it to experts and reviewers to verify its psychometric properties, the final version of the scale consisted of (40) items. he validity and reliability of the instrument were verified, and the reliability coefficient reached (0.86). The researcher used a set of statistical methods. The results revealed statistically significant differences among the <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">أفراد of the research sample attributed to the academic stage variable (Master’s and PhD), in favor of PhD students. Based on the findings, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions related to the results of the study.
Copyright (c) 2026 rashaa abd hadi Salih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The duality of self and other in the experience of the poet Wahida Hussein
The duality of self and other is concerned with the poet’s experience based on this central duality, through which Mayman’s poetic and literary identity is formed. The self relates to the poet’s awareness of herself and her personal experiences in life, and her human feelings, as well as monologue and self-dialogue. As for the other, it is the multiplicity in images that mimic nature, space, the outside, and the environment, with which the poet interacts as a lover, friend, enemy, and all that surrounds her from the multiplicity of reality with which she is in harmony or in conflict. Herein lies the conflict and integration in visions and the exposure of personal crises in the face of reality, and that is what enriches the literary text with creativity, artistry, and poetic uniqueness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abbas Hassan Mohammed Al-Ghalibi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of water stress and environmental degradation in Najaf Governorate: A multi-indicator analysis using geospatial techniques
This study investigates the dynamics of water stress and drought phenomena in Najaf Governorate over the period (1990–2025) utilizing spectral indices. The results reveal a significant increase in Land Surface Temperature (LST), which escalated to (23.54–52.37°C) in 2025 compared to (21.32–47.43°C) in 1990. Concurrently, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the dominant category (moderate vegetation) declined substantially from 79.42% to 30.31%. Furthermore, the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) decreased from 81% to 57%, while the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) values rose from 28.62 to 33.44. The Vegetation Health Index (VHI) exhibited a distinct shift, with extreme drought conditions accounting for 58.19% of the area in 2025. Additionally, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) outcomes unveil a critical environmental transition, exacerbating ecological stress and widespread drought driven by climate change and surging land surface temperatures. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting sustainable water resource management strategies, including water governance, implementing smart irrigation techniques, and expanding the cultivation of drought-tolerant crops to mitigate environmental degradation in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ammar Yseen Awad AL-Fahdawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Hidden Grammar-Progression Gaps in New Headway Intermediate
This study examines grammar progression in New Headway Intermediate through the lens of second language acquisition (SLA) research. Using a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, four textbook units representing different levels of grammatical complexity were analyzed. The study investigated how grammatical structures are sequenced, recycled, contextualized, and distributed, and assessed their alignment with SLA principles of gradual development, repeated exposure, communicative use, and cognitive manageability. Data were drawn from grammar presentations, practice activities, communicative tasks, and review materials, and analyzed using a framework informed by usage-based SLA theory, cognitive load theory, and communicative language teaching. Findings reveal a predominantly structural, unit-based progression with only partial alignment to SLA-informed principles. Limited recycling, inconsistent communicative integration, and high instructional density in some lessons may hinder acquisition. The study highlights the need to balance grammatical coverage with acquisition-oriented progression in ELT materials design.
Copyright (c) 2026 Assst. Lect. Hussein Ibrahim Jaheed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Representation of Power and Ideology in Modern English Literature: A Critical Discourse Approach
This study aims towards the analysis of George Orwell's (1984) text through Critical Discourse Analysis based on Fairclough's three-dimension framework highlighting the representation of power and ideology. The research has a qualitative case study approach, and selected parts of the text in the form of excerpts, slogans and narrative texts will be analyzed to see how power relations are built using linguistic structures and discursive strategies. Their results indicate that power is coded in terms of transitivity, modality and lexical choice that support surveillance and authority. Normalizing discursive strategies like repetition and framing and inhibiting alternative interpretations via ideological slogans. These codes are embedded in wider patterns of authoritative rule and ideologies. The study demonstrates how CDA can be valuable in examining how language, discourse and ideology are connected in a literary text highlighting the value of (1984) which reflects politics and constructs and legitimates it through discourse.
Copyright (c) 2026 م.م قتيبة مهند مهيدي الحاتمي (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficiency of Tigris River Water in Al-Kut District
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the Tigris River water resources in Al-Kut District through analyzing the natural and human factors affecting surface water resources and assessing water quality and its suitability for different uses. The study examined geographical variables including geological formations, topography, climate, soil, groundwater, and natural vegetation, in addition to human activities, irrigation methods, and the water policies of upstream countries. Four water samples were collected from the Tigris River and Kut Barrage to analyze their physical and chemical characteristics and compare them with local and international standards. The results indicated that the Tigris River water in the study area generally possesses acceptable quality and suitability for various uses. However, the river faces several challenges, including declining water discharge, increasing water losses, and pollution resulting from human activities. The study recommends improving water resources management, enhancing water-use efficiency, and adopting modern irrigation techniques to ensure sustainable water resources in Al-Kut District.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amjaad Saliem Mashaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Beyond Convergence: A Corpus-Linguistic Conceptual Metaphor Analysis of Angels and the Devil in the Quran, Bible, and Tanakh
This paper will give a corpus-linguistic conceptual metaphor of angels and the Devil in three major monotheistic scriptures the Quran, the Bible, and the Tanakh. The study is based on the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and extended by the theory of deliberate metaphor (DMT) of Steen et al. (2010) and takes a systematic approach to identifying, classifying, and comparing metaphorical constructions related to celestial and adversarial entities through the use of a corpus-linguistic methodology. Although a superficial reading could be tempting to propose convergence in all these scriptures; with all of them having an Abrahamic background, upon a close comparative reading, the conceptual metaphor will vary in many ways with regard to their source domains, entailments and theological implications. Angels in the Quran are constructed on ontologically-defined agents of divine order, unlike the role as messengers, whereas in the Bible, relational and eschatological aspects are prefigured, and in the Tanakh, these creatures are placed in a covenantal and juridical context. The comparison of the Devil and Satan shows even more pronounced differences: The Quran and the Bible tend to more and more personify the Devil as the opponent of the cosmos, the Tanakh introduces a concept of śataan as the judicial role of the divine court and does not include the evil force in person. These differences, this paper suggests, are not just about language, but are about entirely different theological cosmologies, anthropologies and conceptions of the relations between deities and humans. The work is relevant to the interdisciplinary field of cognitive linguistics, comparative religion and corpus-based discourse analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 م. بنين مصطفى سعيد، ا.م.د. ڕۆژگار یوسف علی، م.م. شاخوان صديق رمضان (مؤلف) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental assessment of the Euphrates River water upstream and downstream of the Ramadi Dam using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) during the period (2023-2024)
The study addressed the environmental assessment of water in the Ramadi Dam and Lake for the period (2023–2024). The (CCME WQI) drinking water index for 2023 showed fluctuations. Water samples from the upstream (inlet) of Ramadi Dam were recorded for three months within Category II and classified as “good.” In contrast, water samples from the Euphrates River downstream of the dam recorded the highest value in October, reaching 82.186.For 2024, drinking water samples recorded a value of (100) in June, falling the “excellent” category, while five months were classified Category II. As for the Euphrates River samples downstream of the dam, four months fell Category II, four months Category III, and the remaining months Category IV .Moreover, the CCME WQI for combined uses (irrigation, livestock drinking, and construction) for both years (2023–2024) recorded a value of 100, which falls Category I (excellent).
Copyright (c) 2026 Rajaa Kadhim Mutar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Women`s Representation in Death posters in Southern Iraq: A genre Based Analysis
This study aims to examine women`s representation in death announcement posters in Southern Iraq using critical discourse analysis, genre theory, and feminist discourse analysis. Death posters constitute a culturally significant form of everyday public discourse that reflects broader social and ideological structures. Using a qualitative approach, the study examines thirty death posters collected from four major Iraqi cities in south Iraq: Kut, Amarah ,Nasiriyah, and Basra, the study analyzes lexical choices, visual representation, and naming practices. Findings show that women are predominantly portrayed through relational roles such as “wife,” “mother,” or “daughter,” rather than as autonomous individuals. Lexical patterns associate women with moral and religious virtues, while male subjects are more commonly linked to social status and individuality. The analysis also reveals absence of female images, reflecting symbolic invisibility and norms of modesty. However, professionally titled women receive some individual recognition, indicating limited discursive shifts within this conservative sociocultural genre.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maytham Sarhan Hassan Al-Hamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Iraqi Health Institutions in Combating Endemic Diseases between 1958-1968
Endemic diseases were among the most significant health challenges facing Iraq during 1958–1968. Their spread was linked to various environmental, social, and economic factors that negatively affected public health and hindered development efforts. Following the Revolution of 14 July 1958, Iraqi governments inherited a difficult health situation that required extensive reforms, leading to increased attention to the health sector through the development of health institutions and the expansion of preventive and curative services. Iraqi health institutions played an important role in combating endemic diseases by implementing organized health campaigns, developing prevention and treatment programs, strengthening medical services throughout the country, and cooperating with international health organizations. This study examines the role of Iraqi health institutions in combating endemic diseases during 1958–1968 by identifying the nature and causes of these diseases, analyzing the measures adopted to control them, and evaluating the outcomes of these efforts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asst. Lect. Naseer Marah Mohammed Al-sultany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Cognitive - Discourse Analysis of Two Literary Extracts by Arab and European Physician-Writers
Physician-writers use language as a basic cognitive tool to encode their professional and imaginative engagement with illness, the body, and human mortality. The aim of the present paper is to identify the conceptual metaphors and cultural schemas on which two physician-writers from different cultural traditions base their encoding of birth-pain. It is a qualitative study that examines the novel Awrāq Shamʿūn al-Miṣrī [The Papers of Shamoun the Egyptian] by the Egyptian writer Ossama Abdul-Raouf Elshazly and the short-story collection Round the Red Lamp: Being Facts and Fancies of Medical Life by the British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The analysis draws on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Cultural Linguistics (CL), operationalised through the MIP/MIPVU procedure. Results show that the two authors conceptualise birth-pain in systematically opposed ways. Elshazly’s work is based on suffering is a generative womb, a metaphor that combines clinical and spiritual components drawn from Islamic theology. In contrast, Doyle uses childbirth is a combat, a metaphor that reflects a secularised, mechanistic European worldview.
Copyright (c) 2026 Halla Saleem Nazer ،Mazin Jasim Mohammad Al-Hilu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Syllable Structure Variation between Two Iraqi Arabic Dialects: A Comparative Optimality-Theoretic Investigation
This study is an Optimality-Theoretic comparison of two major dialects of Iraqi Arabic: Baghdadi Gilit Arabic (BGD) and Basri Arabic (BAS), focusing on syllable structure variation. The data were collected from 20 native speakers (10 for each dialect), representing both rural and urban backgrounds, as participants in recorded naturalistic conversations and in targeted elicitation tasks. The analysis examined a large set of more than 200 phonological tokens in the framework of Optimality Theory (OT), in particular, the ranking of the constraints for dealing with complex onsets, the resolution of triconsonantal clusters, and the Gahawa Syndrome. Key findings reveal that complex onsets are allowed in both dialects, but that they have different strategies for resolving the triconsonantal clusters and different characteristics in the occurrence and phonological conditioning of the Gahawa Syndrome.
Copyright (c) 2026 Israa Ali Kareem Al-Aaydi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Metaphor and Identity in Season of Migration to the North: A Cognitive-Linguistic Reading
This paper investigates the metaphorical construction of identity in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North. By employing a qualitative research design, the study adopts an integrated framework that combines MIPVU, Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) to treat metaphor as a conceptual organizer rather than a decorative linguistic device. The data consists of 43 identity-related metaphorical expressions extracted from the English translation. These expressions were cross-referenced with the original Arabic text. The findings reveal that identity is metaphorically constructed through six recurring conceptual domains: conflict, natural force, structure, fragmented self, space, and journey. Conflict and natural force are the most frequent, each accounting for 25.6% of the data. The study concludes that macro-mappings and micro-blends render identity in the novel both conceptually layered and culturally unstable. The present paper has demonstrated that its integrated framework offers a valuable methodology for cognitive-linguistic research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asst. Lect. Ammar Kadhim Hadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Ideological-Rhetorical Analysis of Arab and Western Leaders' Responses to Gaza Starvation: Reconstructing Silence, Evasion, and Moral Responsibility (2025)
This study seeks to investigate how some Arab and Western leaders frame silence, evasion, and moral responsibility in their responses in 2025 to the Gaza starvation crisis by using ideological-rhetorical strategies. In the case of the Gaza crisis, political leaders discuss and establish accountability discursively through these rhetorical strategies. To explore this issue, this study adopts van Dijk's (2006) ideological-rhetorical strategies within a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach. The study follows a qualitative research method based on six speeches, three by Arab leaders and three by Western leaders. The findings indicate that the examined Arab and Western leaders use various ideological-rhetorical strategies. Of these, the commonly used are vagueness, victimization, dramatization, distancing, and generalization, which negotiate accountability and build moral positioning. As a result, these discursive strategies highlight the leaders' attempt to depoliticize the Gaza starvation crisis, thus concealing Israeli responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Batool Emad Jasim, Prof. Mazin Jasim Mohammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Critical Discourse Analysis of Competing Narratives in Egypt and Ethiopia on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
This article applies a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to the official Egyptian and Ethiopian media coverage of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)‚ published between 2011 and 2025․ The objective is to examine how those discourses are constructed‚ legitimized‚ and maintained through the linguistic practices of the major state-owned news media outlets in Egypt (Al-Ahram and Daily News Egypt) and Ethiopia (Addis Standard and The Reporter)․ Egypt professes that it views the dam as an existential threat‚ while Ethiopia sees its actions as an exercise of developmental sovereignty‚ anti-colonial struggle and fair utilization․ The latter is based on a perceived external framing by Egypt and the West as neocolonialism over the management of the Nile․ The study provides evidence for socio-political and symbolic strategies in addition to the rhetoric‚ and interprets the negotiation deadlock beyond techno-legal aspects․
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Mohammed Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0