The Role of Land Border Crossings in Iraq’s Foreign Trade: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of land border crossings in supporting Iraq’s foreign trade during the period (2020–2023), through a quantitative comparison of imported and exported goods across border crossings based on geographical distribution (northern, eastern, western, and southern). The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach supported by quantitative analysis and the use of one-way ANOVA to examine differences among crossings. The results reveal significant variation in trade volumes, with eastern crossings dominating foreign trade, while western crossings show the lowest performance. Statistical findings confirm significant differences between crossings, indicating a structural imbalance in trade distribution. The results also highlight the influence of geographic location and infrastructure on the efficiency and operational performance of border crossings. The study recommends improving infrastructure, achieving geographical balance in trade activity, and enhancing customs management efficiency.