Adopting Cognitive Linguistics in Selecting the Prepositions 'Among, Beneath and Through' in the English Language
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/wjfh.Vol22.Iss1.1423Keywords:
Cognitive linguistics, English prepositions, Iraqi Learners, Spatial relations.Abstract
Mastering English language requires a lot of efforts. One of these efforts is the application of cognitive linguistics that studies language depending on its relation to human experiences. This study aims to improve the Iraqi learners’ capacity in analyzing and using English prepositions in spite of their polysemantic nature via cognitive linguistic (CL) approach. Tyler and Evans’ (2003) Principled Polysemy Model is adopted for analyzing the data. Accordingly, 90 participants from the Department of English, second year, University of Baghdad have been the sample for the study. A group of prepositions have been selected to be studied via CL approach. A mixed method approach has been relied upon to collect the data using observations, focus group discussion sessions and tests. The results not only have confirmed the CL approach effectiveness in explaining the multi-meanings of prepositions and their relations, but also approved CL flexibility and accuracy.
Downloads
References
Aajami, R. F. and Gholami, J. (2025). Mitigating Interlanguage Effects in Learning Prepositions through Using Cognitive Linguistic Approach. Journal of posthumanism,5(6), 3455–3474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i6.2470
Aajami, R. F. (2022). A cognitive linguistic study of the English prepositions above, on, and over. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 738-751. Doi: 10.52462/jlls.216
Aajami, R. F. (2019). A cognitive linguistic study of the English preposition 'in'. Journal of the College of Education for Women, 30(3), 37-49. Doi:
Aajami, R. F. (2018a). Applying cognitive linguistics to enhance the semantics of English. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(6), pp. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n6p185
Aajami, R. F. (2018b). Cognitive comprehension of “Beyond & Behind”: An experimental study. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(6), 303-314. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n6p303.
Abdullah, H. and Ainon, M. (2002). Intimate communication: A guide to building satisfying and lasting friendship, family, and loving relationships. Bentong, Malaysia: PTS Publications.
Ahmed, D. A. J. A. (2023). Causes of Students Errors in the Use of English Prepositions : Iraqi EFL Teachers’ Perspective . TEFL Journal (TJ), 1(4), pp. Retrieved from https://www.tefljournal.com/index.php/TJ/article/view/30
Alayesh, M. A. (2012). The effect of Arabic prepositions On the use of English prepositions (Unpublished manuscript).Faculty of Specific Education - Mansoura University.
Al-Baharani, R. H., and Al-Robuye, M. R. (2016). A cognitive semantic analysis of the preposition at. Education College Journal–Wasit University, (Special Issue), 1581-1606. Retrieved from DOI: https://doi.org/10.31185/eduj.Vol2.Iss25.2753
Al-Bayati, W. A. W. T. (2013). Errors made by Iraqi EFL undergraduates in the use of prepositions. Philology and Cultural Studies, 6(55), 41-55. Retrieved from
Al-Fatlawi, Z. A. and Al-Bahrani, R.H. (2019). Impact of Number and Type of Figures’ Identification on Accessing Caricatures’ Meaning. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(1), 421-436. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=utdhkyQAAAAJ&citation_for_view=utdhkyQAAAAJ:W7OEmFMy1HYC
Azeez, F. A. and Al-Bahrani, R. H. (2019). A Cognitive Linguistic Study of the Satirical Language in Al-Hajjar's Caricatures. Journal of College of Education for Women-University of Baghdad, 30 (1), 203-217. Retrieved from https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/view/1158/1079
Bores, F. (1996). Spatial prepositions and metaphores: a cognitive semantic journy along the up down and thefront back dimensions. Language in Performance, 12.
Bores, F., and Demecheleer, M. (1998, July). A cognitive semantic approach to teaching prepositions. ELT Journal, 52(3).
Breivik, L. E., and Richards, J. C. (1975). Error analysis. Perspectives on second language acquisition. The Modern Language Journal, 59(4), pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/325758
Celce-Murica, M., and Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The grammar book: An ESL/ EFL teachers’ course. Rowely, Mass: New bury Hose.
Chanie, G., Teklesellassie, Y., and Shifere, K. (2024). Using data-driven learning approach to enhance EFL learners' academic speaking skills. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal, 29, 123–149. https://doi.org/10.31150/ajshr.v4i5.2221
Evans, V. (2012). Cognitive linguistics. Brighton: University of Sussex.
Evans, V., and Green, M. (2006). Cognitive linguistics: An introduction. Edinburgh University Press.
Fadel, H. M. A.-J. (2024). Understanding English prepositions through cognitive semantics. Egyptian Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 13(1), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejels.2024.413602
Fetters, M. D., and Freshwater, D. (2015). The 1 + 1 = 3 integration challenge. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(2), 115–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689815581222
Geeraerts, D., and Cuyckens, H. (2010). Introducing cognitive linguistics. Oxford: Oxford Handbook. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199738632.013.0001
Hamed, T. (2021). Data collection methods and tools for research:A step-by-step guide to choose data collection technique for academic and business research projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM),10 (1), pp.10-38
Hazrati, Y.; Yousefirad, F.; Rovshan, B.; and Ahmadkhani, M. (2016). The Study of Polysemy in the Framework of Cognitive Semantics in Azerbaijani Turkish. International Journal of English Linguistics, 6(5), 130-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n5p130
Huddleston, R. (2008). Cambridge grammar of English: A comprehensive guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Islami, A. (2015). The main difficulties in mastering the English language prepositions. Place of publication: Kolegji AAB. URI: Retreived from https://dspace.aab-edu.net/handle/123456789/123
Kabir, S. M. S. (2016). Methods of data collection basic guidelines for research: An introductory approach for all disciplines. Place of publication: Publisher.
Lindstromberg, S. (2010). English Prepositions Explained. Hilderstone College, UK: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.157
Miller, J. (1976). David C. Bennett, Spatial and temporal uses of English prepositions: An essay in stratificational semantics. London: Longman, 1975. Pp. 235. Journal of Linguistics, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700005077
Mori, S. (2019). A cognitive analysis of the preposition OVER: Image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue Canadienne de Linguistique, 64(3), 1–31. doi:10.1017/cnj.2018.43
Mueller, C. (2016). A Semantic Account of The English Preposition FOR Based on a Cognitive Linguistics Framework. The Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities, 53, 1- 24.
Nasser, S. M. (2020). A cognitive-semantic analysis of preposition on: An experimental study at University of Baghdad. Arab World English Journal, 11(3), 493-501. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no3.32
Olsen, W. (2012). Data collection: Key debates and methods in social research (Vol. 1): Sage.
Qasim, Z. J. and Al-Bahrani, R. H. (2024). A Cognitive Linguistic Study of Visually Shaping Abstract Words. Journal of College of Education, 75(2), 549-566. Retrieved from https://eduj.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/eduj/article/view/4137/3043
Rice, A. (1992). Polysemy and Lexical Representation: The Case of Three English Prepositions. Edmonton, Canda: University of Alberta.
Rodriguez, P. (2006). Talking brains: a cognitive semantic analysis of an emerging folk neuropsychology. Public Understanding of Science, 15, 301-330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662506063923
Ronald, C. and Michael, M. (2006). Cambridge Grammar of English: A comprehensive guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. x+ 973 pp., optionally with CD-ROM. English Language and Linguistics, 12(01), 169-187.
Saravanan, J. (2014). The Use of English Prepositions: An Empirical Study. Journal of NELTA, 158-168. https://doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v19i1-2.12089
Schumann, F. M., and Schumann, J. H. (1977). Diary of a language learner: An introspective study of second language learning. on TESOL, 77, 241-249.
Stasiunaite, I. (2016). The Semantics of spatial prepositions: the main trends of researchers. Taikomoji Kalbotyra, (8), 188-212.
Sultan, A. (2014). Understanding Metaphor in Some English Prepositions. Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, 6(19), 56-95. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/89494
Swan M., (2005). Practical English usage. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5(3), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040
Tariq, M. Z. and Al-Bahrani, R. H. (2024). A Cognitive Linguistic Study of Political Caricatures Based on Students' Construes. Journal of Sustainable Studies, 6(4), 2380-2395. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=utdhkyQAAAAJ&sortby=pubdate&citation_for_view=utdhkyQAAAAJ:M3ejUd6NZC8C
Tyler, A., and Evans, V. (2003). The semantics of English prepositions: Spatial scenes, embodied meaning, and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tyler, A., Mueller, C. M., and Ho, V. (2011). Applying cognitive linguistics to learning the English prepositions To, For, and At: an experimental investigation. Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, (8), 122-140. Doi??/
Ungerer, F., and Schmid, H. (2001). An Introduction to Cognitive Stylistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Yates, J. (2020). Barron's ESL proficiency: Prepositions. New York, NY: Kaplan Inc.
Yousefi, S., Soori, A., and Janfaza, A. (2014). Common preposition errors committed by Iranian students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 3(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.3n.3p.1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 أ.م. رغد فهمي اعجمي الجنابي

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

