Adapting the Characteristics of Privacy in the Architecture of Historical Houses in Iraq and Iran with the Concept of Modesty and Hijab of Lady al-Zahra, Based on Qur'anic Verses and Hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt

Abstract

This research aims to clarify the concept of the principle of modesty, hijab, and privacy in the words of Lady Fatimah al-Zahra (Peace Be Upon Her) for women, and to apply the indicators for building privacy in historical houses in Iran and Iraq based on Islamic teachings. Women have their own characteristics and needs due to their modesty and nature. Attention to women regarding the formation of architectural spaces in the past is of utmost importance. Islamic teachings, in particular, have focused on the principle of modesty and privacy, emphasizing their consideration within the home. This objective aspect of the issue can be examined in the architecture of the house by defining and analyzing traditional houses. Historical architects in Iran and Iraq considered modesty and privacy as fundamental principles in building structures, especially residential ones. Therefore, the question arises: how do the Qur'anic verses and Hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (Peace Be Upon Them) emphasize the establishment of the principle of modesty and privacy for women in the home, and how is the principle of privacy expressed and applied to women? How does the principle of privacy manifest in light of the Qur'anic verses and Hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt in the houses of Iran and Iraq? To answer this question, the current research focuses on traditional houses as a case study. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, where by studying the verses and Hadiths, it can be concluded that the principle of privacy in the building is visually manifested through sequence and enclosure. These principles align with the Qur'anic verses and Islamic traditions. In the past, using these solutions, architects provided privacy in the building not only for women but also for all family members.